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Pharmacology
50 flashcards
Pharmacology is the study of drugs, their mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, and side effects.
Drugs are chemical substances that can alter biological processes and functions when introduced into a living organism. They can be used for therapeutic, preventive, diagnostic, or recreational purposes.
The mechanism of action refers to the specific biochemical interactions through which a drug produces its effects on the body.
Therapeutic uses of drugs involve the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions by targeting specific biological processes or systems in the body.
Side effects are unintended or undesirable effects that a drug may cause in addition to its intended therapeutic effects.
Pharmacokinetics is the study of the movement of drugs within the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body and their mechanisms of action.
Drug tolerance is a state in which the body becomes less responsive to a drug over time, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect.
Drug dependency is a state in which an individual experiences physical or psychological disturbances when a drug is discontinued or reduced, leading to a need to continue taking the drug.
Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat bacterial infections by inhibiting the growth or killing the bacteria.
Analgesics are drugs used to relieve pain by reducing or blocking the transmission of pain signals to the brain.
Antidepressants are drugs used to treat depression and other mood disorders by increasing the availability of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.
Antihistamines are drugs that block the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the body during an allergic reaction, and are used to treat allergic symptoms.
Antipsychotics are drugs used to treat psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, by blocking or modulating the effects of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.
Bronchodilators are drugs that relax and widen the airways in the lungs, making breathing easier, and are used to treat conditions like asthma and COPD.
Diuretics are drugs that increase the production and excretion of urine, helping to remove excess water and salt from the body, and are used to treat conditions like hypertension and edema.
Statins are a class of drugs that lower cholesterol levels in the blood by inhibiting an enzyme involved in cholesterol production, and are used to treat hyperlipidemia and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
ACE inhibitors are drugs that block the activity of an enzyme called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is involved in regulating blood pressure, and are used to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions.
Corticosteroids are drugs that mimic the effects of hormones produced by the adrenal glands and are used to treat a variety of conditions, including inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and cancer.
Antacids are drugs that neutralize or reduce stomach acid and are used to treat conditions like heartburn, acid reflux, and peptic ulcers.
Anticoagulants are drugs that prevent or reduce the formation of blood clots and are used to treat or prevent conditions like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and stroke.
Antidiabetic drugs are medications used to manage blood sugar levels in people with diabetes by increasing insulin production, improving insulin sensitivity, or reducing glucose absorption.
Antiviral drugs are medications that inhibit the replication or spread of viruses within the body and are used to treat viral infections like HIV, hepatitis, and influenza.
Immunosuppressants are drugs that suppress or reduce the activity of the immune system and are used to prevent organ rejection in transplant recipients and to treat autoimmune disorders.
Chemotherapeutic agents are drugs used to treat cancer by killing or inhibiting the growth of rapidly dividing cancer cells.
Antiarrhythmic drugs are medications used to treat abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) by regulating the electrical activity of the heart.
Antiemetics are drugs that prevent or treat nausea and vomiting, which can be side effects of other medications, medical treatments, or conditions.
Antifungal drugs are medications used to treat fungal infections by inhibiting the growth or killing the fungal cells.
Antidotes are substances that counteract the effects of a particular poison or toxin and are used to treat cases of drug overdose or poisoning.
Antiseptics are substances that inhibit or kill microorganisms on living tissue and are used to prevent or treat infections in wounds, burns, or skin conditions.
Sedatives are drugs that have a calming or tranquilizing effect on the body and are used to treat conditions like anxiety, insomnia, and seizures.
Stimulants are drugs that increase the activity of the central nervous system, resulting in increased alertness, energy, and focus, and are used to treat conditions like ADHD and narcolepsy.
Opioids are a class of drugs derived from the opium poppy or synthetic analogues that bind to specific receptors in the brain and are used for pain relief but can also cause euphoria, respiratory depression, and physical dependence.
Antihistamines are drugs that block the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the body during an allergic reaction, and are used to treat allergic symptoms like sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion.
Antihypertensive drugs are medications used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) by reducing the force of the blood against the walls of the blood vessels.
Antidepressants are drugs used to treat depression and other mood disorders by increasing the availability of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.
Antipsychotics are drugs used to treat psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, by blocking or modulating the effects of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.
Anticonvulsants are drugs used to treat epilepsy and other seizure disorders by reducing the excessive electrical activity in the brain.
Antilipemic drugs are medications used to lower lipid (fat) levels in the blood, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, and are used to treat hyperlipidemia and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Muscle relaxants are drugs that decrease muscle tone and relieve muscle spasms or tension, and are used to treat conditions like back pain, muscle strains, and spasticity.
Antipyretics are drugs that reduce fever by lowering the body's temperature set point in the brain, and are often combined with analgesics to provide relief from both fever and pain.
Antitussives are drugs that suppress the cough reflex and are used to treat chronic or persistent coughing caused by conditions like bronchitis or the common cold.
Antidiarrheal drugs are medications used to treat diarrhea by slowing down the movement of the intestines or increasing fluid absorption, which helps to reduce the frequency and volume of bowel movements.
Antiemetics are drugs that prevent or treat nausea and vomiting, which can be side effects of other medications, medical treatments, or conditions.
Antiasthmatics are drugs used to treat asthma by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, reducing inflammation, and preventing or relieving bronchospasm.
Antineoplastic drugs, also known as chemotherapeutic agents, are medications used to treat cancer by killing or inhibiting the growth of rapidly dividing cancer cells.
Antithrombotics are drugs that prevent or treat the formation of blood clots (thrombi), and they include anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and fibrinolytic drugs.
Antihyperlipidemic drugs are medications used to lower high levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, and are used to treat hyperlipidemia and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Antidiabetic drugs are medications used to manage blood sugar levels in people with diabetes by increasing insulin production, improving insulin sensitivity, or reducing glucose absorption.
Antianginal drugs are medications used to treat angina pectoris, a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, by increasing oxygen supply or reducing oxygen demand.