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Geography
48 flashcards
A continent is one of the seven principal divisions of land on Earth, generally identified as Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia/Oceania, Europe, North America, and South America.
Relative location describes a place in relation to other places, while absolute location specifies exact coordinates or addresses.
Physical geography is the study of natural features and phenomena on the Earth's surface.
The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth, covering about 30% of the Earth's surface.
A peninsula is a land mass that is surrounded by water on three sides but connected to a larger body of land.
The Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the world's largest hot desert.
Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area.
Population geography is the study of the distribution and movement of human populations.
A lake is a body of water surrounded by land, while a sea is a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land.
Meteorology is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and its phenomena, including weather and climate.
Mount Everest, located in the Himalayas between Nepal and Tibet, is the highest mountain in the world at an elevation of 8,848 meters (29,029 feet).
Physical geography is the study of the Earth's physical features and processes, including landforms, climate, and ecosystems.
A delta is a landform created by the deposition of sediment at the mouth of a river, while an estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water where fresh and salt water mix.
Human geography is the study of the Earth's human populations and their activities, including settlement patterns, cultural practices, and economic activities.
A mountain is a large natural elevation of the Earth's surface rising abruptly from the surrounding level, while a hill is a smaller and less steep elevation.
Cartography is the study and practice of making maps, which represent the Earth's surface features and their spatial relationships.
Environmental geography is the study of the Earth's natural resources, their distribution, and their management.
A tropical climate is warm and humid year-round, while a temperate climate has distinct seasons with cooler winters and warmer summers.
Hydrology is the study of the Earth's water features, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater, and their distribution.
An island is a land mass entirely surrounded by water, while an isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses.
Pedology is the study of soil, its formation, properties, and classification.
A volcano is a vent or opening in the Earth's surface through which molten rock, ash, and gases are expelled, while a geyser is a hot spring that periodically erupts with a fountain of hot water and steam.
Geomorphology is the study of the Earth's landscapes, their formation, and their evolution over time.
A plateau is an elevated flat area of land, while a plain is a flat or gently rolling area of low-lying land.
Mineralogy is the study of minerals, their physical and chemical properties, and their formation processes.
A river is a large, natural stream of water flowing in a defined channel or bed, while a stream is a smaller, natural flow of water in a channel or bed.
Glaciology is the study of glaciers, their formation, movement, and effects on the landscape.
A bay is a body of water partially enclosed by land, while a gulf is a large body of water partially enclosed by land but with a wider entrance than a bay.
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of plants and animals across the Earth's surface.
A canyon is a deep, narrow gorge with steep sides, while a valley is a low area of land between hills or mountains, typically with a river or stream running through it.
Petrology is the study of rocks, their composition, formation, and classification.
A lake is a large body of water surrounded by land, while a pond is a smaller body of water surrounded by land.
Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms and their physical environment.
A mountain range is a series of mountains in a line, while a mountain chain is a complex system of mountain ranges.
Plate tectonics is the study of the Earth's lithospheric plates and their movement.
A beach is the area of loose particles, such as sand or pebbles, that extends from the low-water line to the point where vegetation or permanent solid material exists, while a shoreline is the boundary between land and water.
Climatology is the study of the Earth's climate, including its patterns, causes, and effects.
An archipelago is a group or chain of islands, while a group of islands is a more general term for a collection of islands without implying a specific geographical arrangement.
Energy geography is the study of the distribution and utilization of energy resources, such as fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable sources.
An oasis is a fertile area in a desert or semi-arid region, often containing a water source, while a mirage is an optical illusion caused by the refraction of light, often appearing as a body of water in a desert.
Urban geography is the study of cities and their development, including their spatial patterns, economic activities, and social structures.
A strait is a narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water, while a channel is a narrow body of water, often man-made, used for navigation or drainage.
Agricultural geography is the study of the distribution and practices of agricultural systems, including crop production, livestock farming, and land use.
A lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by a barrier island or reef, while a marsh is a wetland area characterized by shallow water, soft ground, and vegetation.
Cultural geography is the study of the relationships between human cultures and the physical environment, including cultural landscapes and their meanings.
A fjord is a deep, narrow inlet of the sea between steep cliffs, often formed by glacial erosion, while a sound is a relatively narrow waterway connecting larger bodies of water.
Economic geography is the study of the spatial distribution of economic activities, including production, trade, and consumption.
A cape is a large, pointed projection of land extending into a body of water, while a headland is a high, prominent stretch of land extending into a body of water.